Epilepsy Research
Volume 31, Issue 1 , Pages 73-84 , June 1998

Recurrent spontaneous motor seizures after repeated low-dose systemic treatment with kainate: assessment of a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy

  • Jennifer L Hellier
  • ,
  • Peter R Patrylo

      Affiliations

    • Present address: Section of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, TMP 4, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
  • ,
  • Paul S Buckmaster

      Affiliations

    • Present address: Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, MSOB Building, X347, Stanford, CA 94305-5415, USA.
  • ,
  • F.Edward Dudek

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 970 4912942; fax: +1 970 4917907; e-mail: edudek@cvmbs.colostate.edu

Received 8 October 1997 ,Revised 4 February 1998 ,Accepted 4 March 1998.

References 

  1. Babb TL, Kupfer WR, Pretorius JK, Crandall PH, Levesque MF. Synaptic reorganization by mossy fibers in human epileptic fascia dentata. Neuroscience. 1991;42:351–363
  2. Ben-Ari Y. Limbic seizure and brain damage produced by kainic acid: mechanisms and relevance to human temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroscience. 1985;14:375–403
  3. Bertram EH, Cornett JF. The ontogeny of seizures in a rat model of limbic epilepsy: evidence for a kindling process in the development of chronic spontaneous seizures. Brain Res. 1993;625:295–300
  4. Bertram EH, Cornett JF. The evolution of a rat model of chronic spontaneous limbic seizures. Brain Res. 1994;661:157–162
  5. Buckmaster PS, Dudek FE. Network properties of the dentate gyrus in epileptic rats with hilar neuron loss and granule cell axon reorganization. J. Neurophysiol. 1997;77:2685–2696
  6. Buckmaster PS, Dudek FE. Neuron loss, granule cell reorganization, and functional changes in the dentate gyrus of epileptic kainate-treated rats. J. Comp. Neurol. 1997;385:385–404
  7. Cavalheiro EA. The pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Ital. J. Neurol. Sci. 1995;16:33–37
  8. Cavalheiro EA, Santos NF, Price MI. The pilocarpine model of epilepsy in mice. Epilepsia. 1996;37:1015–1019
  9. Cavalheiro EA, Richie DA, Le Gal La Salle G. Long-term effects of intrahippocampal kainic acid injection in rats: a method for inducing spontaneous recurrent seizures. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1982;53:581–589
  10. Cavalheiro EA, Leite JP, Bortolotto ZA, Turski WA, Ikonomidou C, Turski L. Long-term effects of pilocarpine in rats, structural damage of the brain triggers kindling and spontaneous recurrent seizures. Epilepsia. 1991;32:778–782
  11. Cavazos JE, Das I, Sutula TP. Neuronal loss induced in limbic pathways by kindling: evidence for induction of hippocampal sclerosis by repeated brief seizures. J. Neurosci. 1994;14:3106–3121
  12. Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy, 1995. Appendix B: Protocol for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. In: Hopkins, A., Shorvon, S., Cascino, G., (Eds.), Epilepsy, 2nd ed. Chapman and Hall Medical, London, pp. 637–651.
  13. Cronin J, Dudek FE. Chronic seizures and collateral sprouting of dentate mossy fibers after kainic acid treatment in rats. Brain Res. 1988;474:181–184
  14. Cronin J, Obenaus A, Houser CR, Dudek FE. Electrophysiology of dentate granule cells after kainate-induced synaptic reorganization of the mossy fibers. Brain Res. 1992;573:305–310
  15. De Lanerolle NC, Kim JH, Robbins RJ, Spencer DD. Hippocampal interneuron loss and plasticity in human temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Res. 1989;495:387–395
  16. Engel, J.J., 1989. Seizures and Epilepsy. F.A. Davis, Philadelphia.
  17. Engel, J.J., Shewmon, D.A., 1993. Who should be considered a surgical candidate? In: Engel, J.J. (Ed.), Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies. Raven Press, New York, pp. 23–34.
  18. Falconer MA, Taylor DC. Surgical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy due to mesial temporal sclerosis. Arch. Neurol. 1968;19:353–361
  19. Fenwick, P., 1995. Psychiatric disorders and epilepsy. In: Hopkins, A., Shorvon, S., Cascino, G., (Eds.), Epilepsy. Chapman and Hall Medical, London, pp. 453–502.
  20. French JA, Williamson PD, Thadani VM, Darcey TM, Marson RH, Spencer SS, et al. Characteristics of medial temporal lobe epilepsy: I. Results of history and physiology examination. Ann. Neurol. 1993;34:774–780
  21. Glaser, G.H., 1993. Historical perspectives and future directions. In: Wyllie, E. (Ed.), The Treatment of Epilepsy: Principles and Practice. Lea and Febiger, Philadephia, pp. 3–9.
  22. Gowers, W.R., 1885. Epilepsy and Other Chronic Convulsive Diseases: Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment. William Wood, New York.
  23. Hopkins, A., Shorvon, S., 1995. Definitions and epidemiology of epilepsy. In: Hopkins, A., Shorvon, S., Cascino, G. (Eds.), Epilepsy. Chapman and Hall Medical, London, pp. 1–24.
  24. Lothman FW, Bertram EH, Kapur J, Stringer JL. Recurrent spontaneous hippocampal seizures in the rat as a chronic sequela to limbic status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res. 1990;6:110–118
  25. Mathern GW, Kupfer WR, Pretorius JK, Babb TL, Levesque MF. Onset and patterns of hippocampal sprouting in the rat kainate seizure model: evidence for progressive cell loss and neo-innervation in regio inferior and superior. Dendron. 1992;1:69–84
  26. Mathern GW, Cifuentes F, Leite JP, Pretorius JK, Babb TL. Hippocampal EEG excitability and chronic spontaneous seizures are associated with aberrant synaptic reorganization in the rat intrahippocampal kainate model. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1993;87:326–339
  27. Mathern GW, Babb TL, Vickrey BG, Melendez M, Pretorius JK. The clinical-pathogenic mechanisms of hippocampal neuron loss and surgical outcomes in temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain. 1995;118:105–118
  28. Mathern GW, Babb TL, Leite JP, Pretorius JK, Yeoman KM, Kuhlman PA. The pathogenic and progressive features of chronic human hippocampal epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 1996;26:151–161
  29. McNamara, J., 1986. Kindling model of epilepsy. In: Delgado-Escueta, A., Ward, A., Woodbury, D., Porter, R., (Eds.), Basic Mechanisms in Epilepsy. Raven Press, New York, Adv. Neurol. 44, 303–318.
  30. Meier CL, Dudek FE. Spontaneous and stimulation-induced synchronized burst afterdischarges in the isolated CA1 of kainate-treated rats. J. Neurophysiol. 1996;76:2231–2239
  31. Meier CL, Obenaus A, Dudek FE. Persistent hyperexcitability in isolated hippocampal CA1 of kainate-lesioned rats. J. Neurophysiol. 1992;68:2120–2127
  32. Mello LEAM, Cavalheiro EA, Tan AM, Kupfer WR, Pretorius JK, Babb T, et al. Circuit mechanisms of seizures in the pilocarpine model of chronic epilepsy: cell loss and mossy fiber sprouting. Epilepsia. 1993;34:985–995
  33. Nadler JV, Perry BW, Cotman CW. Selective reinnervation of hippocampal area CA1 and the fascia dentata after destruction of CA3-CA4 afferents with kainic acid. Brain Res. 1980;182:1–9
  34. Noachtar, S., Lüders, H., Bromfield, E.B., 1996. Surgical therapy of epilepsy. In: Brandt, T., Caplan, L.R., Dichgans, J., Diener, H.C., Kennard, C. (Eds.), Neurological Disorders: Course and Treatment. Academic Press, pp. 183–191.
  35. Patrylo PR, Dudek FE. Physiological unmasking of new glutamatergic pathways in the dentate gyrus of hippocampal slices from kainate-induced epileptic rats. J. Neurophysiol. 1998;79:418–429
  36. Racine RJ. Modification of seizure activity by electrical stimulation. II. Motor seizure.. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1972;32:281–294
  37. Shouse MN, Langer JV, Dittes PR. Spontaneous sleep epilepsy in amygdala-kindled kittens: a preliminary report. Brain Res. 1990;535:163–168
  38. Sloviter RS. Possible functional consequences of synaptic reorganization in the dentate gyrus of kainate-treated rats. Neurosci. Lett. 1992;137:91–96
  39. Sloviter RS. The functional organization of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and its relevance to the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann. Neurol. 1994;35:640–654
  40. Smith BN, Dudek FE. Enhanced population responses in the basolateral amygdala of kainate-treated, epileptic rats in vitro. Neurosci. Lett. 1997;222:1–4
  41. Spencer DD, Spencer SS. Hippocampal resections and the use of human tissue in defining temporal lobe epilepsy syndromes. Hippocampus. 1994;4:243–249
  42. Tanaka T, Kaijima M, Daita G, Ohgami S, Yonemasu Y, Riche D. Electroclinical features of kainic acid-induced status epilepticus in freely moving cats. Microinjection into the dorsal hippocampus. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1982;54:288–300
  43. Tanaka T, Tanaka S, Fujita T, Takano K, Fukuda H, Sako K, et al. Experimental complex partial seizures induced by a microinjection of kainic acid into limbic structures. Prog. Neurobiol. 1992;38:317–334
  44. Turski L, Ikonomido C, Turski W, Bortolotto Z, Cavalheiro EA. Review: cholinergic mechanisms and epileptogenesis. The seizures induced by pilocarpine: a novel experimental model of intractable epilepsy. Synapse. 1989;3:154–171
  45. Wasterlain CG, Shirasaka Y, Mazarati AM, Spigelman I. Chronic epilepsy with damage restricted to the hippocampus: possible mechanisms. Epilepsy Res. 1996;26:255–265
  46. Wuarin J-P, Dudek FE. Electrographic seizures and new recurrent excitatory circuits in the dentate gyrus of hippocampal slices from kainate-treated epileptic rat. J. Neurosci. 1996;16:4438–4448

PII: S0920-1211(98)00017-5

Epilepsy Research
Volume 31, Issue 1 , Pages 73-84 , June 1998