Epilepsy Research
Volume 87, Issue 1 , Pages 1-11 , November 2009

Ischaemic stroke in adults and epilepsy

  • Bindu Menon

      Affiliations

    • Deptt of Neurology, Narayana Medical College and Superspeciality Hospital, Nellore, A.P., India
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +91 9866223905; fax: +91 0861 2300132.
    • ,
  • Simon D. Shorvon

      Affiliations

    • UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Received 20 April 2009 ,Revised 9 August 2009 ,Accepted 12 August 2009.

References 

  1. Alberti A, Paciaroni M, Caso V, Venti M, Palmerini F, Agnelli G. Early seizures in patients with acute stroke: frequency, predictive factors, and effect on clinical outcome. Vasc. Health Risk Manag. 2008;4(3):715–720
  2. Arboix A, Garcia-Eroles L, Massons JB, Oliveres M, Comes E. Predictive factors of early seizures after acute cerebrovascular disease. Stroke. 1997;28:1590–1594
  3. Asconape JJ, Penry JK. Poststroke seizures in the elderly. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 1991;7:483–492
  4. Avrahami E, Drory VE, Rabey MJ, Cohn DF. Generalized epileptic seizures as the presenting symptom of lacunar infarction in the brain. J. Neurol. 1988;235:472–474
  5. Awada A, Omojola MF, Obeid T. Late epileptic seizures after cerebral infarction. Acta Neurol. Scand. 1999;99:265–268
  6. Bentes C, Pimentel J, Ferro JM. Epileptic seizures following subcortical infarcts. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2001;12:331–334
  7. Bladin CF, Alexandrov AV, Bellavance A, Bornstein N, Chambers B, Cote R, et al. Seizures after stroke: a prospective multicenter study. Arch. Neurol. 2000;57:1617–1622
  8. Bogousslavsky J, Martin R, Regli F, Despland PA, Bolyn S. Persistent worsening of stroke sequelae after delayed seizures. Arch. Neurol. 1992;49:385–388
  9. Brailowsky S, Knight RT, Efron R. Phenytoin increases the severity of cortical hemiplegia in rats. Brain Res. 1986;376:71–77
  10. Buchkremer-Ratzmann I, August M, Hagemann G, Witte OW. Epileptiform discharges to extracellular stimuli in rat neocortical slices after photothrombotic infarction. J. Neurol. Sci. 1998;156:133–137
  11. Burn J, Dennis M, Bamford J, Sandercock P, Wade D, Warlow C. Epileptic seizures after a first-ever stroke: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. BMJ. 1997;315:1582–1587
  12. Cheung CM, Tsoi TH, Yeung MA, Tang ASY. Epileptic seizure after stroke in Chinese patients. J. Neurol. 2003;250:839–843
  13. Davalos A, Cendra , de E, Molins A, Ferrandiz M, Lopez-Pousa S, et al. Epileptic seizures at the onset of stroke. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 1992;2:327–331
  14. DeLorenzo RJ, Hauser WA, Towne AR, Boggs JG, Pellock JM, Penberthy LL, et al. A prospective, population-based epidemiologic study of status epilepticus in Richmond, Virginia. Neurology. 1996;46:1029–1035
  15. De Reuck J, De Groote L, Van Maele G. Single seizure and epilepsy in patients with a cerebral territorial infarct. J. Neurol. Sci. 2008;271(1–2):127–130(Epub 2008 May 20)
  16. Dikmen SS, Temkin NR, Miller B, Machamer J, Winn HR. Neurobehavioral effects of phenytoin prophylaxis of posttraumatic seizures. JAMA. 1991;265:1271–1277
  17. Fisher CM, Adams RD. Observations on brain embolism with special reference to the mechanisms of hemorrhagic infarction. J. Neuro-pathol. Exp. Neurol. 1951;10:92–93
  18. Forsgren L, Bucht G, Eriksson S, Bergmark L. Incidence and clinical characterization of unprovoked seizures in adults: a prospective population based study. Epilepsia. 1996;37:224–229
  19. Giroud M, Gras P, Fayolle H, Andrk N, Soichot P, Dumas R. Early Seizures after acute stroke: a study of 1,640 cases. Epilepsia. 1994;35:959–964
  20. Gupta SR, Naheedy MH, Elias D, Rubino FA. Postinfarction seizures: a clinical study. Stroke. 1988;19:1477–1481
  21. Goldstein LB. Effects of amphetamines and small related molecules on recovery after stroke in animals and man. Neuropharmacology. 2000;39:852–859
  22. Hauser WA, Annegers JF, Kurland LT. Incidence of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935–1984. Epilepsia. 1993;34(3):453–468
  23. Heiss WD, Huber M, Fink GR, Herholz K, Pietrzyk U, Wagner R, et al. Progressive derangement of periinfarct viable tissue in ischemic stroke. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 1992;12:193–203
  24. Hernandez TD, Russell LC. Phenobarbital delays recovery from cortex damage. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 1992;18:870
  25. Hesdorffer DC, Hauser WA, Annegers JF, Rocca WA. Severe, uncontrolled hypertension and adult-onset seizures: a case-control study in Rochester, Minnesota. Epilepsia. 1996;37:736–741
  26. Jordan KG. Neurophysiologic monitoring in the neuroscience intensive care unit. Neurol. Clin. 1995;13(3):579–626
  27. Kessler KR, Schnitzler A, Classen J, Benecke R. Reduced inhibition within primary motor cortex in patients with poststroke focal motor seizures. Neurology. 2002;59:1028–1103
  28. Kilpatrick CJ, Davis SM, Hopper JL, Rossiter SC. Early seizures after acute stroke. Risk of late seizures. Arch. Neurol. 1992;49:509–511
  29. Kilpatrick CJ, Davis SM, Tress BM, Rossiter SC, Hopper JL, Vandendriesen ML. Epileptic seizures in acute stroke. Arch. Neurol. 1990;47:157–160
  30. Kittner SJ, Sharkness CM, Price TR, Plotnick GD, Dambrosia JM, Wolf PA, et al. Infarcts with a cardiac source of embolism in the NINCDS Stroke Data Bank: historical features. Neurology. 1990;40:281–284
  31. Kotila M, Waltimo O. Epilepsy after stroke. Epilepsia. 1992;33:495–498
  32. Labovitz DL, Hauser WA, Sacco RL. Prevalence and predictors of early seizure and status epilepticus after first stroke. Neurology. 2001;57:200–206
  33. Lambrakis CC, Lancman ME. The phenomenology of seizures and epilepsy after stroke. J. Epilepsy. 1998;11:233–240
  34. Lamy C, Domigo V, Semah F, Arquizan C, Trystram D, Coste J, et al. Early and late seizures after cryptogenic ischemic stroke in young adults. Neurology. 2003;60:400–404
  35. Lancman ME, Golimstok A, Norscini J, Granillo R. Risk factors for developing seizures after a stroke. Epilepsia. 1993;34:141–143
  36. Lesser RP, Luders H, Dinner DS, Morris HH. Epileptic seizures due to thrombotic and embolic cerebrovascular disease in older patients. Epilepsia. 1985;26:622–630
  37. Leys D, Bandu L, Henon H, Lucas C, Mounier-Vehier F, Rondepierre P, et al. Clinical outcome in 287 consecutive young adults (15 to 45 years) with ischemic stroke. Neurology. 2002;59:26–33
  38. Li X, Breteler MM, de Bruyne MC, Meinardi H, Hauser WA, Hofman A. Vascular determinants of epilepsy: rotterdam study. Epilepsia. 1997;38(11):1216–1220
  39. Heuts-Van Raak Lisette, Lodder Jan, Kessels Fons. Late seizures following a first symptomatic brain infarct are related to large infarcts involving the posterior area around the lateral sulcus. Seizure. 1996;5:185–194
  40. Luhmann HJ, Mudrick-Donnon LA, Mittmann T, Heinemann U. Ischemia-induced long-term hyperexcitability in rat neocortex. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1995;7:180–191
  41. Loiseau J, Loiseau P, Duché B, Guyot M, Dartigues J-F, Aublet B. A survey of epileptic disorders in southwest France: seizures in elderly patients. Ann. Neurol. 1990;27:232–237
  42. Lossius MI, Ronning OM, Mowinckel P, Gjerstad L. Incidence and predictors for post-stroke epilepsy: a prospective controlled trial. The Akershus stroke study. Eur. J. Neurol. 2002;9:365–368
  43. Lossius MI, Ronning OM, Slapo GD, Mowinckel P, Gjerstad L. Poststroke epilepsy: occurrence and predictors–a long-term prospective controlled study (Akershus Stroke Study). Epilepsia. 2005;46:1246–1251
  44. Lo YK, Yiu CH, Hu HH, Su MS, Laeuchli SC. Frequency and characteristics of early seizures in Chinese acute stroke. Acta Neurolica Scandinavica. 1994;90:83–85
  45. Macfarlane R, Moskowitz MA, Sakas DE, Tasdemiroglu E, Wei EP, Kontos HA. The role of neuroeffector mechanisms in cerebral hyperperfusion syndromes. J. Neurosurg. 1991;75:845–855
  46. McCarron P, Greenwood R, Ebrahim S, Elwood PC, Shlomo Ben, Davey Y, et al. The incidence and aetiology of stroke in the Caerphilly and Speedwell Collaborative Studies II: risk factors for ischemic stroke. Public Health. 2001;115:12–20
  47. Meyer JS, Chamey JZ, Rivera VM, Mathew NT. Cerebral embolization: prospective clinical analysis of 42 cases. Stroke. 1971;2:541–554
  48. Naess H, Nyland HI, Thomassen L, Aarseth J, Myhr K-M. Long-term outcome of cerebral infarction in young adults. Acta Neurol. Scand. 2004;110:107–112
  49. Nazire Afsar, Dilaver Kaya, Sevinc Aktan, Canan Aykut-Bingol. Stroke and status epilepticus: stroke type, type of status epilepticus and prognosis. Seizure. 2003;12:23–27
  50. Neufeld MY, Vishnevskaya S, Treves TA, Reider I, Karepov V, Bornstein NM, et al. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) following stroke are associated with metabolic abnormalities. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1997;102:295–298
  51. Ng SK, Hauser WA, Brust JC, Susser M. Hypertension and the risk of new-onset unprovoked seizures. Neurology. 1993;43:425–428
  52. Cleary Paul, Shorvon Simon, Tallis Raymond. Late-onset seizures as a predictor of subsequent stroke. Lancet. 2004;363:1184–1186
  53. Ramsay RE, Rowan AJ, Pryor FM. Special considerations in treating the elderly patient with epilepsy. Neurology. 2004;62(suppl. 2):S24–S29
  54. Reith J, Jorgensen HS, Nakayama H, Raaschou HO, Olsen TS. Seizures in acute stroke: predictors and prognostic significance. The Copenhagen stroke study. Stroke. 1997;28:1585–1589
  55. Roberts RC, Shorvon SD, Cox TC, Gillieat RW. Clinically unsuspected cerebral infarction revealed by computed tomography scanning in late onset epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1988;29:190–194
  56. Rumbach L, Sablot D, Berger E, Tatu L, Vuillier F, Moulin T. Status epilepticus in stroke: Report on a hospital-based stroke cohort. Neurology. 2000;54:350–354
  57. Schallert T, Hernandez TD, Barth TM. Recovery of function after brain damage: severe and chronic disruption by diazepam. Brain Res. 1986;379:104–111
  58. Scholtes FB, Renier WO, Meinardi H. Generalized convulsive status epilepticus: causes, therapy, and outcome in 346 patients. Epilepsia. 1994;35:1104–1112
  59. Shinton R, Beevers G. Meta-analysis of relation between cigarette smoking and stroke. BMJ. 1989;298:789–794
  60. Shorvon SD, Gilliatt RW, Cox TC, Yu YL. Evidence of vascular disease from CT scanning in late onset epilepsy. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 1984;47:225–230
  61. So EL, Annegers JF, Hauser WA, O’Brien PC, Whisnant JP. Population-based study of seizure disorders after cerebral infarction. Neurology. 1996;46:350–355
  62. Stroemer RP, Kent TA, Hulsebosch CE. Neocortical neural sprouting, synaptogenesis, and behavioral recovery after neocorticalinfarction. Stroke. 1995;26:2135–2144
  63. Sung CY, Chu NS. Epileptic seizures in thrombotic stroke. J. Neurol. 1990;237:166–170
  64. Sutor B, Luhmann HJ. Involvement of GABAB receptors in convulsant-induced epileptiform activity in the rat neocortex in vitro. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1998;10:3417–3427
  65. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and rt-PA Stroke Stroke Study Group . Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl. J. Med. 1995;333:1581–1587
  66. Tatemichi TK, Young WL, Prohovnik I, Gitelman DR, Correll JW, Mohr JP. Perfusion insufficiency in limb-shaking transient ischemic attacks. Stroke. 1990;21:341–347
  67. Veliǒglu SK, Özmenǒglu M, Boz C, Aliǒglu Z. Status epilepticus after stroke. Stroke. 2001;32:1169–1172
  68. Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Ebrahim S. HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and the risk of stroke in middle aged British men. Stroke. 2000;31:1882–1888
  69. Waterhouse EJ, Vaughan JK, Barnes TY, Boggs JG, Towne AR, Kopec-Garnett L, et al. Synergistic effect of status epilepticus and ischemic brain injury on mortality. Epilepsy Res. 1998;29:175–183
  70. Williams AJ, Lu XM, Slusher B, Tortella FC. Electroencephalogram analysis and neuroprotective profile of the N-acetylated-alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase inhibitor GPI 5232, in normal and brain-injured rats. J. Pharacol. Exp. Ther. 2001;299:48–57
  71. Williams AJ, Tortella FC. Topographic EEG mapping following experimental stroke in rats and treatment with the neuroprotective sodium channel blocker RS 100642. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 2000;26:502

PII: S0920-1211(09)00231-9

doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.08.007

Epilepsy Research
Volume 87, Issue 1 , Pages 1-11 , November 2009

Article Tools