Epilepsy Research
Volume 21, Issue 3 , Pages 171-182, July 1995

Persistence of kindling: Effect of partial kindling, retention interval, kindling site, and stimulation parameters

  • Zoe Dennison

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationTo whom reprint requests should be addressed. Present address: Department of Psychology, University College of the Fraser Valley, 33844 Marshall Rd., Abbotsford, British Columbia V2S 4N2, Canada.
    • Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada
    • ,
  • G. Campbell Teskey

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada
    • Present address: Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
    • ,
  • Donald P. Cain

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: (519) 679-2111 ext. 4628; Fax: (519) 661-396
    • Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada

Received 14 September 1994; accepted 10 March 1995.

Abstract 

The kindling effect is generally thought to be highly persistent and possibly permanent, but little direct evidence is available to support this idea. Retention of amygdala kindling was examined after a 12-wk interval in groups of rats that had been electrically kindled to different seizure stages (stages 1, 3, or 5), or kindled by high intensity or low frequency (3 pulses per second) stimulation, or fully kindled and allowed a rest of 1–24 wk. The retention of hippocampal kindling after a 12-wk interval was also examined. Rekindling after a 12-wk rest in the groups initially kindled to different seizure stages indicated that although there was evidence of erosion of the kindling effect in all groups, there were savings in all groups. There was also evidence of greater erosion in the afterdischarge response than in the convulsive response to the first stimulation after the interval. Although there was evidence of erosion of kindling during the 1–24-wk intervals, there was evidence of savings in all groups, none of which required more than a mean of 2.2 afterdischarges to rekindle to stage 5. Seizures kindled in the hippocampus were retained as well as those kindled in the amygdala, and seizures kindled using low frequency stimulation were retained as well as those kindled using conventional 60 pulses per second stimulation. We conclude that the effects of kindling the amygdala and hippocampus are highly persistent, and that the effects of kindling with low frequency stimulation are as persistent as kindling with conventional stimulation.

Keywords:  Kindling, Seizures, Amygdala, Hippocampus

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PII: 0920-1211(95)00025-6

Epilepsy Research
Volume 21, Issue 3 , Pages 171-182, July 1995

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